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Dictionary Operators & Methods (Python)

How Python dictionaries are created, plus their core operators and methods.

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You create a dictionary with curly braces, followed by a key and a value — just like a JSON object:

capitals = {'Ghana': 'Accra', 'Nigeria': 'Abuja', 'Cameroon': 'Yaounde'}

Dictionary Operators

  1. [] — capitals['Ghana'] — returns the value associated with the key Ghana, otherwise it’s an error.
  2. in — 'Ghana' in capitals — returns True if the key Ghana is in the dictionary, False otherwise.
  3. del — del capitals['Ghana'] — removes the entry Ghana from the dictionary.

Dictionary Methods

  1. keys — capitals.keys() — returns the keys of the dictionary in a dict_keys object.
  2. values — capitals.values() — returns the values of the dictionary in a dict_values object.
  3. items — capitals.items() — returns the key-value pairs in a dict_items object.
  4. get — capitals.get('Ghana') — returns the value associated with the key Ghana, None otherwise.
  5. get — capitals.get('Ghana', 'Not Found') — returns the value associated with the key Ghana, 'Not Found' otherwise.