Concept

Abstraction in Python

Hiding implementation details behind an abstract base class and abstractmethod, illustrated with Animal, Dog, and Cat.

Hiding complex implementation details and showing only the essential features of an object. In Python, abstraction is achieved through encapsulation and providing interfaces.

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Animal(ABC):  # Abstract class
    @abstractmethod
    def make_sound(self):
        pass

class Dog(Animal):
    def make_sound(self):
        return "Bark!"

class Cat(Animal):
    def make_sound(self):
        return "Meow!"

dog = Dog()
cat = Cat()

print(dog.make_sound())  # Output: Bark!
print(cat.make_sound())  # Output: Meow!